What is Data Mining: Process, Techniques, Methods & More

All organizations today are data-driven, which means they rely on data and use it  to assess the value of their company and to come up with the right solutions for several problems. Business analysts work with data, and most use the data mining techniques to work more accurately with the data at hand. 

Data mining is the process of extracting valuable information like patterns from large data sets. It is also called knowledge discovery in data. The process is done with data warehousing technology, a major business intelligence component. It consolidates data from varying sources into one common repository to help business analysts make a decision. 

In the past few decades, companies have undertaken data mining techniques to transform raw and unintelligible data into meaningful and useful inputs. This technique is suited for handling large-scale data, and thus comes in handy for business analysis. 

Data mining is an integral part of business analytics. It helps in taking important decisions and gives a clear picture of the situation of a business. It has two major purposes. First, to describe target data sets, and second, to predict outcomes based on the study using the machine learning algorithm. These methods filter the raw body of data and give an output that would be beneficial for the company. They organize and filter data, detect fraud and security breaches, sieve the most useful and interesting information, etc. 

Therefore, data mining helps a team of analysts make accurate and near-perfect predictions regarding several aspects of the business, from sales figures to target customers to logistics. They also recognize patterns in a large body of data, making itmore readable and decipherable by eliminating unmatched variables. It also helps in identifying errors and gaps in processes or any improper data entry.

What is Data Mining?

Data Mining is a process of discovering hidden patterns, relationships, and insights in large volumes of data. It is a technique of extracting useful information from complex datasets, which can help in making informed decisions. In this article, we will discuss the key components and uses of data mining (What Is Data: Definition, Types & Data Management), Data Warehousing and Data Mining in Detail (data mining methods), and industry applications of data mining. Learn more with our Business Analytics and Data Science Course.

Data mining involves four key components, which are as follows:

1. Data Preparation: uses of data mining are when the data is collected (Data Collection – Methods, Types, Tools, and Techniques), cleaned, integrated, and transformed into a format that is suitable for analysis.
2. Data Mining: uses of data mining include when applied to the prepared data to discover hidden patterns and relationships.
3. Pattern Evaluation: uses of data mining refer to when discovered patterns are evaluated based on their relevance and usefulness.
4. Knowledge Representation: uses of data mining include when the discovered knowledge is presented in a form that can be easily understood and used for decision-making.

Types of Data Mining Techniques 

While there are several techniques one can use when undertaking data mining projects, here are some popular ones. 

1. Classification Analysis 

This type of data mining involves retrieving important information relevant to the data and metadata. It classifies and assigns different classes to the data available. It is a segmentation of data into different groups. A data analyst knows the different classes and would apply the appropriate algorithms to decide how data should be classified. 

2. Association Rule Learning 

It is a method that detects relations between variables in a database. This technique helps you see through obscure patterns that will eventually help to identify variables within the dataset. This type of mining is common to shopping basket data analysis, store layout, catalogue design, etc. 

3. Clustering Analysis 

Clustering is not very different from classification, but, in this case, clusters are made based on similarities of data items. There are further divisions in clustering methods as there are different types. Some of the methods are: 

• • Hierarchical agglomerative methods 
  • Density-based methods 
  • Partitioning methods 
  • Grid-based methods 
  • Model-based methods

4. Decision Trees

A decision tree has a structure similar to that of a tree, as the name suggests. It works like a flow chart, and different parts have a definite role to play in producing the final result.

5. Anomaly Analysis 

This technique is used to deal with data that does not fall into any expected behavioral pattern. These miscellaneous data are also called noise or outliers. These are extremely helpful in detecting fraud and intrusion detection. 

Data Mining Process

The data mining process involves the following three main steps:

1. Data Exploration: In this step, the data is explored to identify patterns, trends, and outliers.
2. Model Building: In this step, data mining algorithms are applied to the data to create models that can predict future outcomes or classify data.
3. Deployment: In this step, the models are deployed and used to make decisions and solve problems.

Benefits of Data Mining

Let’s take a look at how undertaking data mining projects helps different business functions.

1. Marketing and Retail 

Marketing teams cannot come up with vague strategies and campaigns that have no reference point or a goal to achieve. Data is used to extract insights on customer behavior, reaction and response, and other important factors that help them come up with a strategy that will suit the needs of the business the best. 

They create models using the information that data mining presents to them. They find out which campaigns work with their target audience and how they can enrich their content to target more and more people.A general marketing strategy often fails to create an impression; thus, you must try to analyze the previous records before coming up with a new one.  

2. Finance and Banking

We are sure you have heard of several credit-card fraudulent cases in the last few decades. Of late, the numbers have diminished mainly due to the use of data mining in the banking sector. Technology is like a set of Infinity Stones, which could wreak havoc in the wrong hands but is also the only way to counter and check crime, in this case, card fraud. Data mining has been able to detect credit card fraudulent transactions and has alarmed authorities to take appropriate actions. It also provides information about historical customers to the bank and other institutions todetermine their credit score and banking history. 

3. Regulating Customer Groups 

Data mining is useful in determining customer groups for a new product or service. This again helps in coming up with appropriate marketing strategies. It also explores and understands what keeps the customer coming back for the product and improves retention. It recognizes the preferential needs of profitable customers and improves relationships with them to maximize sales. 

4. Manufacturing and Production 

Data mining can predict machinery failures with the help of sensory data, and thus prevents the sudden breakdown of machinery that might push back production. This allows the company to indulge in the condition-based maintenance of their machines. It also spots anomalies in the production system, thereby optimizing manufacturing capacity. The patterns also help the production team identify shortcomings and improve product quality. 

5. Prediction of Future Trends 

Every future is born out of the past! And, if you can investigate every bit of the past data, your forecasts will be on-point. Data mining considers all the data to come up with visible patterns, which in turn help analysts see the hitherto hidden details. 

Disadvantages of Data Mining 

Some drawbacks of data mining functionalities include: 

• Complex 

Since the process is extremely complicated, the tools used are equally complex. Not all data scientists have knowledge of these tools and techniques. 

• Variation  

There is no thumb rule for data mining, and different tools work differently based on the algorithm used. Therefore, if you choose the same tool for every mining, you will probably have the wrong results. Therefore, having impeccable knowledge is very important. 

• Not 100% Accurate 

While data mining gives you near-accurate results, it does not guarantee 100% accuracy. Technologies used for data mining are not infallible, and inaccuracies often slip in when the dataset is lacking in diversity. 

• Needs Large Database 

The process cannot function without a vast database, and thus is difficult to manage. 

• Security Concerns 

Data mining firms have access to all the data of a company and might sell the data to other organizations and businesses. This is a case of concern as it carries every little detail of the business. 

Data Mining Applications

Some of the most popular data mining applications include:

1. Data Mining in Sales and Marketing 

A large amount of data sits in a company’s database. Consumer demographic and user behavior can be used to optimize marketing campaigns, create customer loyalty programs and cross-sell offers, and yield higher ROI on marketing efforts. Predictive analysis helps teams to estimate yields and accordingly talk to stakeholders. 

2. Data Mining in Education 

Educational institutions use data to understand their students and ways that will help them flourish better. Online classes have increased the importance of data in the world. 

A lot of factors like student profile, class, and universities, are taken into consideration when coming up with useful results. 

3. Data Mining in Fraud Detection 

Occurring patterns are not the only noticeable detail in the database. Repetitive anomalies can also lead you somewhere. These anomalies bring fraud to light and help companies detect what might have gotten lost in the vast body of data. It is mostly used in banking sectors and other financial institutions. However, of late, SaaS-based companies have also adopted these techniques. It helps them recognize and eliminate fake accounts. 

Data Mining Use Cases 

Data mining comes with immense capacity that has transformed the landscape of business strategies. Here are some of the use cases:

• Marketing 
• Banking 
• Retail 
• E-commerce 
• Television and radio 
• Retail 
• Education 
• Insurance 
• Medicine 
• Manufacturing 
• Service providers 
• Crime investigation

All the above sectors use data mining to achieve their individual goals and so far have done great. 

Challenges Faced in Data Mining

Data mining faces several challenges, which are as follows:

1. Incomplete and Noisy Data: Incomplete and noisy data can lead to inaccurate results and incorrect decisions.
2. Complex Data: The complexity of the data can make it difficult to apply mining methods in data mining effectively.
3. Data Privacy and Security: Data privacy and security concerns can limit access to data, which can affect the accuracy of the results.
4. Data Distribution: The distribution of data can make it difficult to apply mining methods in data mining to the entire dataset.
5. Data Visualization: Data visualization can be challenging, especially when dealing with large volumes of data.

Industry Applications and Uses of Data Mining

1. Data Mining in Healthcare: Uses of data mining include assistance to analyze patient data and identify patterns that can help in diagnosis and treatment.
2. Data Mining in Fraud Detection: Uses of data mining include assistance to detect fraudulent activities and prevent financial losses.
3. Data Mining in Financial Services: Uses of data mining include assistance to identify patterns and trends in financial data that can help in making informed investment decisions.
4. Data Mining in Entertainment: Uses of data mining include assistance to analyze viewer preferences and suggest content that is likely to be popular.

How does it Fit into the Data Science and Data Analysis Process? 

Both data science and data analysis work with data, and their major concern is to extract the best posiible insights that they can from the database. Data mining helps them in achieving their goals by rendering the best techniques that can be applied to come up with visible patterns from within the data. 

Both the fields benefit from data mining and can use their potential to the maximum. Every sector today uses business analytics. And, with data mining, they will reap the maximum benefits. Analysts today are stressing the importance of mining for the right reasons. 

The application of business analytics and data science has become integral for business problem solving data mining only enhances and supports it. Knowledge of data mining comes as a bonus when you are looking for work in the field of data analytics. No matter which company you join, your knowledge will not go unnoticed. 

It is an important skill that improves the data structure and gives you a chance to accurate the data in the best possible way. It serves as one of the best tools to handle data and thus cannot be overlooked. Do not shy away from learning data mining science and mining. You can enrol yourself in a great program or course that teaches about data science, mining, and how to sharpen your skills. Notably, an upgraded CV is always more attractive to employers than a plain one having mundane degrees only. 

Hero Vired offers the three best programs to suit your needs. Learn about data science and more with these three courses. 

• Accelerator Program in Business Analytics and Data Science – If you wish to accelerate your career in data science, this one is tailor-made for you. In this course, you will learn the applications of predictive modeling and exploratory data analysis in finance, marketing, etc. It is a 9-month-long course and is open to anyone with either a bachelor’s degree or is in his/her final year. It is packed with over 70 live sessions with educators from all over the world, and includes case studies and industry projects to improve your practical knowledge. There are no math and coding prerequisites to enrol into the program. 
• PG Certificate Program in Business Analytics and Data Science – It is an 11-month-long course suitable for early or mid-career professionals with prior knowledge in programming languages like Python and R preferable. Hero Vired also offers a boot camp to polish these skills for those who need it. The course is developed in collaboration with edX and Georgia Tech, and consists of over 80 live sessions focusing problems in sales, marketing, finance, and a lot more. 

Integrated Program in Data Science, Machine Learning, and Artificial Intelligence – This program is especially for candidates who wish to strengthen their knowledge of machine learning, mathematics, and statistics. It will polish your analytical skills and make your data-driven decisions on point. This course is designed in partnership with MIT, and you also earn transferable credits.

Conclusion

Data mining is a powerful technique for discovering hidden patterns, relationships, and insights in large volumes of data. It has numerous uses in various industries, including healthcare, fraud detection, financial services, and entertainment. However, data mining faces several challenges, such as incomplete and noisy data, complex data, data privacy and security, data distribution, and data visualization.