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In Java, abstraction ensures that users only have access to important details. Non-essential and trivial units are not displayed to the user. Dive into this article to learn more about data abstraction in Java.
Abstraction in Java can be described as the process of spotting the required features of an object while ignoring the irrelevant details. The properties and behaviors of an object separate it from other objects of the same type. They also help with the classification or grouping of objects.
Take a look at one abstraction in Java example:
An abstract class in Java contains the abstract keyword in its declaration. Abstract classes may or may not include an abstract method in Java. If a class comes with at least one abstract method, you will have to declare the class abstract.
A class cannot be instantiated if a class is declared abstract. If you want to use an abstract class, you should be able to inherit it from another class. You will be required to inherit an abstract class from another class to use it. Once you inherit an abstract class in Java, you will be required to provide implementations to all abstract methods within it.
Learn: Thread in Java
The different advantages of using abstraction in Java programming are as follows:
If you want a class to include a specific method, but you want the original implementation of that method to be specified by child classes, you will have to declare the method in the parent class as an abstract.
One example of the abstract method in Java is as follows:
Interfaces are one of the most powerful tools to attain abstraction in Java. Since interfaces are like abstract classes, they cannot be instantiated. As they don’t provide an implementation, you won’t have a constructor either.
The syntax for the abstract class and the interface is as follows:
One abstract class in Java example with an abstract method is as follows: //Example of an abstract class that has abstract and non-abstract methods abstract class Bike{ Bike(){System.out.println(“bike is created”);} abstract void run(); void changeGear(){System.out.println(“gear changed”);} } //Creating a Child class which inherits Abstract class class Honda extends Bike{ void run(){System.out.println(“running safely..”);} } //Creating a Test class which calls abstract and non-abstract methods class TestAbstraction2{ public static void main(String args[]){ Bike obj = new Honda(); obj.run(); obj.changeGear(); } }
Explore: Access modifiers in Java
You will be able to create abstract classes and methods with the help of the abstract keyword. An abstract method does not come with any implementation. Any class containing abstract methods also needs to be abstract. But you won’t be able to create objects using an abstract class.
If you want to implement features of an abstract class, you will have to inherit the subclass from it and create objects of the subclass. A subclass should be able to override all abstract methods in an abstract class.
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