String concatenation is the process of adding or updating two strings. In the C language, we can add two or more strings end to end or update them using concatenation. It is an essential skill for developing efficient and effective C applications. The modern programming language often provides high-level abstractions for string manipulation; understanding how to perform string concatenations in C is essential for developing efficient, low-level source code.
What is String?
In C programming, Strings are commonly used to manage text and perform various operations. The ‘char’ array stores the string, and functions from the ‘<string.h>’ library facilitate manipulation. Strings in C are a fundamental part of text manipulation and are utilized extensively in a variety of applications, including user input, file handling, and data processing.
The following program demonstrates the String in C:
Program
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str[100];
printf("Enter a string: ");
fgets(str, sizeof(str), stdin);
str[strcspn(str, "\n")] = '\0';
printf("You entered: %s\n", str);
int length = strlen(str);
printf("Length of the string: %d\n", length);
return 0;
}
Output
Enter a string: harry
You entered: harry
Length of the string: 5
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How to Append One String to the End of Another
In C language, Appending adds one string to another using the strcat() function. This function concatenates the contents of two strings by attaching the source strings to the end of the destination string to store the result.. The use ‘strcat’ ensures the destination string has sufficient capacity and is properly null-terminated
The following program demonstrates the append:
Program
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[50] = "Hello, ";
char str2[] = "world!";
strcat(str1, str2);
printf("%s\n", str1);
return 0;
}
Output
Hello, world!
Concatenate Two Strings using the Loop
Concatenating two strings using a loop is fundamental to understanding string manipulation in C. This approach is particularly useful when you want to better understand how strings and arrays work in C Beyond using library functions like ‘strcat’.
The following program concatenates two strings in C:
Program
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
char name1[20];
char name2[20];
int i;
printf("Enter name1: ");
scanf("%s",name1);
printf("\nEnter name2: ");
scanf("%s",name2);
for(i=0;name1[i]!='\0';i++);
for(int j=0;name2[j]!='\0';j++) {
name1[i]=name2[j];
i++;
}
name1[i]='\0';
printf("The new concatenate string is = : %s", name1);
return 0;
}
Output
Enter name1: Neeraj
Enter name2: Kumar
The ne concatenate string is =: NeerajKumar
Concatenate Two Strings Using a Pointer
We can also concatenate two strings by manipulating pointers and memory directly in C language. This process involves calculating the required memory, copying the characters from each string into a new memory block, and ensuring proper termination of the concatenated result.
The following program demonstrates the concatenation of two strings using the two-pointer:
Program
#include <stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
void concatenateStrings(char *dest, const char *src) {
while (*dest) {
dest++;
}
while (*src) {
*dest = *src;
dest++;
src++;
}
*dest = '\0';
}
int main() {
char str1[150], str2[75];
printf("Enter the first string: ");
fgets(str1, sizeof(str1), stdin);
str1[strcspn(str1, "\n")] = '\0';
printf("Enter the second string: ");
fgets(str2, sizeof(str2), stdin);
str2[strcspn(str2, "\n")] = '\0';
concatenateStrings(str1, str2);
printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", str1);
return 0;
}
Output
Enter the first string: work
Enter the second string: tw
Concatenated string: worktw
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Concatenate Two Strings Using strcat() Function
String manipulation is a fundamental aspect of programming in the C language, especially when working with text. Concatenation is one of the most common operations, combining two or more strings into a single string. This function is defined in the C standard library.
The following program demonstrates the strcat() function:
Program
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[100] = "Hello, ";
char str2[] = "World!";
strcat(str1, str2);
printf("Concatenated String: %s\n", str1);
return 0;
}
Output
Concatenated string: Voldemort Harry
Concatenate Two Strings without Using Strcat()
String concatenation is a fundamental operation in programming languages. The goal is to combine two or more strings into a single, continuous string. In many programming languages, standard library functions like ‘strcat()’ in C simplify this process.
The following program concatenates two strings without using the strcat() function:
Program
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
size_t stringLength(const char *str) {
size_t length = 0;
while (*str++) {
length++;
}
return length;
}
char* concatenateStrings(const char *str1, const char *str2) {
size_t len1 = stringLength(str1);
size_t len2 = stringLength(str2);
char *result = (char *)malloc(len1 + len2 + 1);
if (result == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "Memory allocation failed\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
char *ptr = result;
while (*str1) {
*ptr++ = *str1++;
}
while (*str2) {
*ptr++ = *str2++;
}
*ptr = '\0';
return result;
}
int main() {
const char *str1 = "Neeraj ";
const char *str2 = "Singhaniya";
char *result = concatenateStrings(str1, str2);
printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", result);
free(result);
return 0;
}
Output
Concatenated string: Neeraj Singhaniya
Also Read: Important Features of C Language
Conclusion
In this article, we learned about the concatenation in C language. It enhances your ability to manipulate and combine text data by understanding and applying various techniques, such as using standard library functions like ‘strcat’ and ‘strcat’ or implementing manual methods. It enables you to write more efficient and robust source code. It is essential to choose the right method for concatenation while being mindful of buffer sizes to prevent overruns. Mastering this technique is a very crucial ability for a C developer. It not only manages text-based data but also contributes to writing higher-quality C programs.
What is string concatenation in C?
How do I check the length of a string before concatenating?
How do I concatenate strings if I don’t know the size of the result?
Is there a way to safely concatenate without pre-calculating buffer size?
Updated on September 2, 2024