It is expensive and complicated to manage data on physical servers. Companies require scalable solutions without making enormous hardware investments. Cloud computing makes this transition possible.
Cloud computing delivers on-demand online access to computing capacity, not requiring companies to own data centres. The service removes the responsibility from companies to operate their own data centres.
Knowing the features of cloud computing stands as a fundamental requirement for students, along with developers, IT professionals, and entrepreneurs, to utilise it efficiently.
What is Cloud Computing? A Brief Overview
Cloud computing provides internet-based access to various computing services that include servers along with storage and databases and networking and software functionality. Organisations, together with individual customers, do not need to purchase expensive equipment because they can utilise cloud vendor resources.
The key benefits of cloud computing include:
- Cost Savings
- Scalability
- Reliability
- Security
Cloud Computing Models
Cloud computing services fall into three categories:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
- Provides virtual machines, storage, and networking.
- Example: AWS EC2.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
- Offers development tools and frameworks to build applications.
- Example: Google App Engine.
Software as a Service (SaaS)
- Delivers software applications over the internet.
- Example: Microsoft Office 365.
Cloud Deployment Models
Cloud computing can be deployed in different ways depending on business needs:
Public Cloud
- Resources are shared among multiple users.
- Example: AWS, Google Cloud.
Private Cloud
- Dedicated infrastructure for a single organisation.
- Example: Banks use a private cloud for security.
Hybrid Cloud
- A mix of public and private cloud deployment models.
- Example: Companies storing sensitive data in a private cloud while using public cloud services for less critical workloads.
Now, we have a brief idea about what is cloud computing and its models. Let’s quickly go further and understand the essential features of cloud computing.
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Key Features of Cloud Computing
- On-Demand Self-Service
- Broad Network Access
- Cloud Networking and Performance Optimisation
- Multi-Tenant Architecture
- Resource Pooling
- Scalability and Rapid Elasticity
- Resiliency and Disaster Recovery Strategies
- Availability and Uptime Guarantees
- Strong Security Measures
- Automation to Reduce Manual Efforts and Improve Efficiency
- Maintenance and Updates for Better Performance and Security
- Pay-Per-Use Pricing Model and Flexible Cost Optimisation Options
- Measured Service
- Sustainability and Energy Efficiency
1. On-Demand Self-Service
Cloud computing enables users to access and operate computing resources at any time. Service providers do not need to perform manual tasks in this process.
How It Works:
- Users can provision virtual machines, storage, and databases through a web interface or API.
- Resources are available instantly, unlike traditional IT setups that require hardware procurement.
Example:
- AWS EC2 enables developers to launch virtual servers in minutes.
- Google Cloud Compute Engine provides scalable computing power on demand.
Why It Matters:
- Faster Deployment – No waiting for hardware setup.
- Better Control – Developers and IT teams manage resources directly.
- Cost Efficiency – Only pay for resources when they are in use.
Also Read: Top 12 Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud Computing
2. Broad Network Access
Cloud services are accessible from any device with an internet connection. This enables businesses and professionals to work without location constraints.
How It Works:
- Cloud applications and data are hosted on multiple servers across the globe.
- Users can connect via web browsers, mobile apps, or APIs.
Example:
- Google Drive allows users to store and retrieve files from any device.
- Dropbox enables real-time file sharing across teams.
Why It Matters:
- Supports Remote Work – Employees can collaborate from anywhere.
- Improves Accessibility – Data and applications are available 24/7.
- Enhances Productivity – No dependency on local hardware.
The way in which networks function serves as one of the essential components of cloud computing. Application performance is determined by three aspects, including latency and bandwidth, along with data transfer speeds.
How It Works:
- Cloud providers use content delivery networks (CDNs) to reduce latency.
- Load balancing distributes traffic evenly across servers.
Example:
- AWS CloudFront speeds up content delivery by caching data in global edge locations.
- Google Cloud’s global network reduces lag for real-time applications.
Why It Matters:
- Reduces Delays – Faster response times for applications.
- Optimises Data Transfer – Efficient bandwidth usage.
- Enhances User Experience – Smooth performance for cloud-based apps.
4. Multi-Tenant Architecture
Every user in cloud computing accesses the shared infrastructure through a service model that isolates their personal data from others.
How It Works:
- Cloud providers allocate computing resources dynamically to different customers.
- Each customer operates in a secure, isolated environment even though they share physical servers.
Example:
Why It Matters:
- Reduces Costs – Shared infrastructure lowers expenses.
- Improves Efficiency – Maximises resource utilisation.
- Ensures Security – Strict data isolation prevents breaches.
5. Resource Pooling
Cloud computing providers manage vast amounts of computing power. They allocate resources efficiently so multiple users can access the same infrastructure without interference. This is called resource pooling.
How It Works
- Cloud providers group servers, storage, and network resources.
- These resources are assigned dynamically to different users based on demand.
- Users do not know the exact location of their data, but they can specify geographical preferences for compliance or performance.
Example
Major cloud providers, namely AWS, Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud, share their computing resources among thousands of organisations and businesses. Both startup companies and large enterprises can maintain separate data privacy while utilising the same underlying physical infrastructure.
Why It Matters:
- Efficiency – Shared resources prevent wastage.
- Cost Reduction – Users only pay for what they use.
- Scalability – Resources adjust automatically to changing workloads.
Also Read: Top 10 Common Uses of Cloud Computing
6. Scalability and Rapid Elasticity
Workloads are unpredictable. Some days, a website may have low traffic. On the other hand, it may attract thousands of visitors. Cloud computing scales resources automatically based on demand.
How It Works
- Scalability – Increases or decreases resources as needed.
- Elasticity – Adjusts capacity in real time without downtime.
Example
An e-commerce website using AWS Auto Scaling can handle traffic spikes during sales events. When demand drops, resources scale down to reduce costs.
Why It Matters:
- Prevents Downtime – Applications remain available.
- Optimises Costs – No need to overpay for unused resources.
- Enhances Performance – Ensures a smooth user experience during peak times.
7. Resiliency and Disaster Recovery Strategies
System failures can disrupt businesses. Cloud computing reduces risks by offering resiliency and disaster recovery features.
How It Works
- Data replication – Cloud providers store copies of data in different locations.
- Automated failover – If one server fails, traffic shifts to a backup server.
- Backup solutions – Users can schedule automatic backups to restore lost data.
Example
Google Cloud distributes workloads across multiple availability zones. If one zone experiences an issue, services continue running without interruption.
Why It Matters:
- Ensures Business Continuity – No disruption during failures.
- Minimises Data Loss – Automatic backups protect critical information.
- Improves Reliability – Services remain accessible, even in outages.
8. Availability and Uptime Guarantees
High availability is essential for businesses to operate efficiently. Cloud providers offer uptime guarantees backed by Service Level Agreements (SLAs).
How It Works
- Cloud providers operate data centres worldwide to prevent downtime.
- Load balancers distribute traffic across multiple servers.
- Automated monitoring tools detect and fix issues before they cause failures.
Example
AWS guarantees 99.99% uptime for its cloud services.
Why It Matters:
- Prevents Business Disruptions – Customers can access services at all times.
- Builds Trust – Reliable services improve user experience.
- Meets Compliance Standards – Many industries require high availability for regulatory reasons.
9. Strong Security Measures
Security is a top concern for businesses moving to the cloud. Cloud providers offer multi-layered protection to keep data safe.
How It Works
- Encryption – Data is encrypted at rest and during transmission.
- Access Control – Users manage who can access sensitive data.
- Firewalls – Monitor and block unauthorised traffic.
Example
AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) allows businesses to restrict access to cloud resources based on user roles. Google Cloud encrypts all stored data by default.
Why It Matters:
- Protects Against Cyber Threats – Prevents unauthorised access.
- Ensures Compliance – Meets industry standards like GDPR and ISO 27001.
- Reduces Risk of Data Breaches – Strong authentication and encryption safeguard sensitive data.
10. Automation to Reduce Manual Efforts and Improve Efficiency
Managing IT infrastructure manually is time-consuming. Cloud platforms use automation to handle repetitive tasks.
How It Works
- Infrastructure as Code (IaC) – Automates server deployment using scripts.
- Auto-scaling – Adds or removes resources without human intervention.
- Monitoring & Alerts – Detects issues and applies fixes automatically.
Example
- AWS Lambda runs code only when needed, eliminating the need to manage servers.
- Microsoft Azure automates patch management, reducing security risks.
Why It Matters:
- Saves Time – Reduces human workload.
- Minimises Errors – Automated processes prevent misconfigurations.
- Improves Efficiency – IT teams can focus on higher-value tasks instead of maintenance.
11. Maintenance and Updates for Better Performance and Security
Cloud platforms continuously update their systems without downtime.
How It Works
- Rolling updates – Cloud providers upgrade software without disrupting services.
- Patch management – Security patches are applied automatically.
- Performance monitoring – AI-based tools identify slow applications and suggest fixes.
Example
- Google Cloud updates its infrastructure without requiring user intervention.
- AWS uses rolling updates to apply fixes without taking servers offline.
Why It Matters:
- Enhances Security – Prevents vulnerabilities from outdated software.
- Reduces Downtime – Updates occur in the background.
- Improves Performance – Optimised systems run faster and more efficiently.
12. Pay-Per-Use Pricing Model and Flexible Cost Optimisation Options
Cloud computing removes the need for large upfront investments in hardware. Instead, users pay based on what they use. This pay-per-use model makes cloud computing accessible for businesses of all sizes.
Cloud providers offer multiple pricing structures:
Pay-As-You-Go (PAYG)
- Charges are based on real-time usage. Best for businesses with unpredictable workloads.
Reserved Instances
- Users commit to a fixed-term plan (one or three years) for lower costs. Suitable for stable workloads.
Spot Instances
- Offers unused cloud capacity at discounted rates. Great for non-critical or batch-processing tasks.
How It Works
- Users pay for computing power, storage, and bandwidth based on actual consumption.
- No long-term commitment is required unless choosing reserved instances for discounts.
- Costs adjust dynamically as workloads change.
Example
Why It Matters:
- Cost Savings – No need to overpay for unused resources.
- Flexibility – Choose a pricing plan that fits business needs.
- Scalability – Spend based on current demand, not projections.
13. Measured Service
Without clear tracking, cloud bills can spiral out of control. Cloud computing offers measured service, ensuring users only pay for what they consume.
How It Works
- Cloud providers track storage, processing power, bandwidth, and usage time.
- Automated billing calculates costs with detailed reports.
- Users set up alerts and budgets to manage spending.
Example
- Google Cloud’s Billing Dashboard provides real-time cost tracking.
- AWS Cost Explorer helps businesses analyse usage trends and optimise spending.
Why It Matters:
- Prevents Unexpected Costs – Users monitor expenses in real-time.
- Improves Budgeting – Helps businesses forecast spending.
- Encourages Resource Efficiency – Avoids waste by identifying underused resources.
14. Sustainability and Energy Efficiency
Cloud computing is not just about cost and performance. It also plays a role in reducing environmental impact. Cloud providers focus on energy efficiency and sustainability.
How It Works
- Data centres are optimised for power consumption.
- Renewable energy sources are used to power infrastructure.
- Virtualisation reduces the need for physical hardware, lowering energy waste.
Example
Why It Matters:
- Reduces Carbon Footprint – Fewer physical servers mean lower energy use.
- Lowers Energy Costs – Efficient systems require less power.
- Supports Corporate Sustainability Goals – Many businesses prefer green solutions.
Conclusion
Cloud computing provides on-demand resources, a scalable infrastructure, pay-as-you-use billing, automation, and security, much to the benefit of businesses, developers, and IT professionals.
Resource pooling, high availability, and sustainability are some of its features that guarantee maximal performance while protecting the environment at the same time. Cloud providers track usage, manage workloads, and secure data using advanced tools. This works well for all types of organisations, allowing flexibility, efficiency, and reliability without heavy upfront investments.
Knowing these features of cloud computing helps build scalable applications, secure workloads, and manage IT costs effectively. Adoption of the cloud allows ensuring these features are mastered so as to be ahead in the never-ending race of technology.
In case you would like to know more, you can choose the Certificate Program in DevOps and Cloud Engineering by Hero Vired to gain industry-aligned training through experiential learning of cloud computing, DevOps, and automation techniques to remain ahead of the curve in this fast-growing field.
FAQs
Cloud providers use redundant data centres, load balancing, and failover systems to minimise downtime.
Security features include encryption, identity management, firewalls, and compliance standards like GDPR.
Automation reduces manual intervention, optimises scaling, and improves reliability with auto-healing infrastructure.
Updated on March 10, 2025
